China Guide,Brief Introduction to Chongqing

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Brief Introduction to Chongqing
Lying in southwestern China and the juncture of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Jialing rivers, the beautiful mountain city of Chongqing Municipality is located in the southeast of China's Sichuan Basin. With a history of over 3,000 years and a glorious revolutionary tradition, Chongqing is a famous historic and cultural city as well as the largest industrial and commercial center in the southwest of China. Chongqing, the birthplace of Ba-Yu civilization is one of the least well known but most important historical cities in all of China. Chongqing was known as Jiangzhou in ancient times, and later was called Ba Prefecture, Chu Prefecture, Yu Prefecture, and Gong prefecture at different times. From the beginning of the Shang Dynasty (c. 16th century B.C.) to the close of the Warring States Period (221 B.C.), it was the capital of the state of Ba. From the Qin Dynasty through the Eastern Han Dynasty (221 B.C.-220 A.D.), it was a prefecture also known as Ba. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, (581-907 A.D.), it was known as the sub-prefecture of Yuzhou, hence its standard byname "Yu.'' Emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty was named Prince Gong. Considering the events a “double happiness” that happened in the same year while he was the ruler of the place, he promoted Gong Prefecture into Chongqing Fu. That’s how the city got its present name Chongqing more than 800 years ago. In 1997, Chongqing separated from Sichuan to become an independent prefecture in its own right. Today, this vast southwestern dynamo is known as Chongqing Municipality. It has 40 districts, cities, and counties under its jurisdiction, a population of 30.2 million, and an area of 82,000 square kilometers. In 1997, Chongqing was made the fourth municipality directly under the central government. Camellia is the city flower and Ficus Lacor, the city tree. The urban area of Chongqing is located on the tip of an offshoot of the Huaying Mountains, slanting from west to east. Chongqing is surrounded by mountains on all sides and by the Changjiang and Jialing rivers on three sides. It is called the "mountain city." The city has a humid, cloudly climate with a long rainy season but scarce snow and frost. Mist lingers on in spring and autumn, hence it is also called "misty Chongqing." The annual mean temperature is 18.6c. With natural scenes mingled into humane landscape Chognqing's tourist resources are comprehensive and widespread. The long and particular histroy, brilliant culture, mighty mountain and rivers have brought about numerous well known scenic spots, historic relics and magnificent landscape to Chognqing. Chongqing proper is surrounded by the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers, so landscape is very beautiful. The streets are staggered one above the other on the hills that overlook the river, making the city a magnificent sight to behold. At night, house lights shine over the rolling hills like sparkling stars, making the hills a glittering screen, the bridge a rainbow, and ships flying sparks on the rivers. There are in Chongqing 20 large tourist resorts with more than 1300 scenic spots. Over 300 tourist resorts have been initialy developed, including 4 key state level scenic resorts, 6 key historic relics under state protection, 110 historic relics under city preservation and more than 12000 other historic relics. The splendid scenery of this famous mountain city attracts many tourists from home and abroad. The Stone Sculptures in Dazu, North Hot Spring Park, Eling Park and Nanshan Park are situated in the near suburbs and Wansheng Yunan Stone Forest, Wulong Furong Cave, Nanchuan Jingfu Hill, Forest Park are situated in distant suburbs. Along the Yangtze River there are a large number of scenic spots of mountains, rivers, forests, springs, cataracts, gorges and caves such as the mighty Three Gorges, Daning River and Xiaoninghe River valleys. Historical sites can be sought after in Chongqing Museum, Hongyan Memorial Hall of Revolution, Geleshan Revolutionary Martyrs Tomb, Jiang Keshek's Residence, , Lingyuan, Kongyuan and some other Wartime Capital remains. Hechuan Diaoyucheng city that is called "the place where Whip of God was broken" is one of China's three ancient battlefields. Fengdu's Ghost City, Fuling's Baiheliang (the forest of steles under water), Huayuan Temple, Shengshou Temple, and Ba people's hanging coffins and the natural scenes of the Three Gorges add radiance and beauty to each other. Tourism has developed into a mainstay industry of Chongqing.

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