Shang Dynasty Ruins,

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Shang Dynasty Ruins
Must Sees Henan Provincial Museum Shaolin Temple Yellow River Scenic Area Shang Dynasty Ruins Mountain Songshan Optional Attractions Dengfeng Observatory Songyang Academy of Classic Learning Ancient Tomb at Dahu Pavilion Ruins at Dahe Village Temple of the City God Nativity of Emperor Huangdi On Zhengzhou's eastern outskirts lie the remains of an ancient city from the Shang period. Long, high mounds of earth indicate where the city walls used to be, although roads now cut through them. This is one of the earliest relics of Chinese urban life. These ruins cover an area of twenty-five square kilometers in downtown Zhengzhou. In 1950, a city wall of seven kilometers was discovered on the site. Archaeologists have found ruins of house foundations, cellars, water wells, ditches, and graves. Ornaments and tools made of bronze, stone; bone, shell, and jade were found on the site, as well as pottery and primitive china. Outside the walls, the ruins of various workshops were discovered, among which there were foundries for smelting bronze and workshops for making pottery and for polishing bone articles. Excavations here, and at other Shang sites, suggest that a "typical" Shang city consisted of a central walled area containing large buildings (presumably government buildings or the residences of important people, used for ceremonial occasions) surrounded by villages. Each village specialized in a product such as pottery, metal-work, wine or textiles. The village dwellings were mostly semi-underground pit houses, while the buildings in the centre were rectangular and above ground. Excavations have also uncovered Shang tombs. These are rectangular pits with ramps or steps leading down to a burial chamber where the coffin was placed and surrounded with funerary objects such as bronze weapons, helmets, musical instruments, inscribed oracle bones and silk fabrics. Some also contained the skeletons of sacrificial animals and humans. Study of these human skeletons suggests they were of a different ethnic origin from the Shang – possibly prisoners of war. This and other evidence suggest that Shang society was an aristocratic dictatorship with the emperor/ father-figure at the apex.

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